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2021全国高考英语一卷D篇阅读理解辨析
2021全国高考英语一卷D篇阅读理解
试题文本第一段：Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
原文节选第一段对照：Popularization has in some cases distorted the original scientific definition of emotional intelligence. Many people now equate emotional intelligence with almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
1. 本段关键信息词汇：changed, popularization, original, misunderstand, makeup, far beyond, skill-based，but,
a. Popularization: 为大众所普遍接受的（对普通公众有吸引力的行为、或者现象）
b.makeup: 取含义 （N-UNCOUNT 天性;性格）Some-one's make-up is their nature and the various qualities in their character.
There was some fatal flaw in his makeup, and as time went on he lapsed into long silences or became off-hand.
他的性格有致命的缺陷，随着时间的推移，他陷入了久久的沉默，或者变得漠然。
2. 黑体词部分从语篇思维角度可能会是影响阅读理解的关键词，也可能是命题题点所需要支持的信息词。
32.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
本题题干提问信息词汇：misunderstanding。相对应上面2提到的阅读以及命题关键词：misunderstood。本题的四个选项对这一部分进行了paraphrase，干扰项把原文信息进行了相反的paraphrase，正确项貌似对信息almost everything desirable 进行了paraphrase：It refers to a person’s positive qualities.但事实上，desirable 和positive 是两个具有不同性质的修饰类形容词。两者严谨来讲不能同指同一事物。此处，答案选择D。
文本第一段命题人修改了两个信息词distorted—changed；equate—misunderstood。这两对词汇的替换是否恰当，供读者们探讨。本观点认为有欠妥当，因为欠妥当，引起32题的设计结合原文让人感觉不地道。Distort相似与misunderstood，而equate和misunderstood基本很难语义相关。
考试文本第二段：We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
We prefer to define emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either prosocial or antisocial purposes. The ability to accurately perceive how others are feeling may be used by a therapist to gauge how best to help her clients, whereas a con artist might use it to manipulate potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one an ethical person.
1.标色部分为“第二段”的试题文本和原文改动词汇对比。试题文本被认为在此处划分了另一段落。是否符合语篇写作形式逻辑，需要从写作技巧上进行具体分析。
2.事实上，define无需改为describe。Prosocial or antisocial purposes改为good or bad purposes已经改变了，原作者的写作意图，两者含义区别很大，会给读者造成一定的思维干扰。perceive,understand,know这样的替换还是可以的。therapist/doctor，gauge/find, client/ patient,whereas/while, con artist/cheater的替换也可以接受。Ethical 应该是课标词汇，无需修改。
3.“The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. ”这是一个复杂句子，the ability 指上文提到的emotional intelligence所代表的能力。The ability may be used by a doctor to find...whereas (此处还是觉得原词更好）表示“指定性转折对比”，医生可以用以对症治疗，骗子也可能拿来行骗。得出结论：有情商的人群可能是具有两面性的分类人群。
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
此题属于细节理解题。理解了原文信息就可以读懂题干。但是选项信息区别性不是太大，命题人从主观角度给出D为标准答案。比较起来，D为最佳。AC并没有原则上的非正确性的信息支持。
考试文本第三段：Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being.
原文对照：Although popular claims regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social welfare.
1. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.
虽然关于情商的流行（大众化）观点远远超出了研究所能提供的合理支持（论证），但宣传的总体效果是利大于弊。
a.run far ahead of :远远跑在前面。此处语境指“远远超过”。
b.publicity n.(媒体的)关注，宣传，报道;宣传业;广告宣传工作;传播工作
2. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social welfare.
这种普及(媒体宣传形成的人们的普遍认知）最积极的方面是雇主、教育工作者和其他关心促进社会福利的人对情感的一种新的和急需的强化。
试题文本第四段：
The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
原文对照：The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and research psychology reevaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve humans adaptively in everyday life.
此处research psychology/researchers,humans/people的替换意义不是很大，原文词汇更加贴切达意。
1.The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped boththe public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.情商的普及帮助公众和研究者重新评估情感的功能以及它们如何在日常生活中适应性地为人们服务。
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
询问作者情感态度的试题一般可以通过文章信息获得答案。文本3.4段表明作者的态度是肯定的。
试题文本第五段：
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
1. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.
虽然情绪智力的持续流行的吸引力是可取的，我们希望这种关注将激发对情绪的科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。
2. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将提供新的视角以此来研究人们如何管理（引领）自己的生活。此处，原文当中的navigate要比修改后的manage更能表达意义。
3.Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
情商，以其对头脑和心灵的关注，可能会为我们指明正确的方向。
原文对照：
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable, we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in cognitive and affective science will offer intertwining perspectives from which to study how people navigate their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may adequately serve to point us in the right direction.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
此题的命题点属于对段落大意进行概括，关联关键词“hope,will，may”, 链接答案中的expectations。D项的语言表述是有问题的。B项可以改为：Expectations for future studies on it. C项可以改为：The practical application on it.
总结：本文是节选。文章基本表意完整。选取这一部分视角和普通关于情商的认知有一定的差异性。也正是这种认知差异性使得本文通过英语传达的思想略有难度。文本有一些复杂句，但整体句式整齐，没有偏怪句式，不会产生明显的句式语言障碍。当然，也会对学生的基本语法习得情况有一定的区分度。试题命制中规中矩。试题文本被命题人划分为5段，从文法角度是否严谨科学有待考证。建议语篇分析此文时酌情科学进行。
试卷试题：
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable, we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
原文链接： Wechat Official Account: FreedomWriter
节选原文：Popularization has in some cases distorted the original scientific definition of emotional intelligence. Many people now equate emotional intelligence with almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence. We prefer to define emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either prosocial or antisocial purposes. The ability to accurately perceive how others are feeling may be used by a therapist to gauge how best to help her clients, whereas a con artist might use it to manipulate potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one an ethical person.
Although popular claims regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social welfare. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and research psychology reevaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve humans adaptively in everyday life. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable, we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in cognitive and affective science will offer intertwining perspectives from which to study how people navigate their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may adequately serve to point us in the right direction
[img]衡中同卷是什么
教辅资料。衡中同卷是教辅，资料衡中同卷是衡水中学独家授权天舟文化股份有限公司和北京衡中教育科技有限公司，联合研发，出版，销售。主编张文茂。其试题内容新颖，知识覆盖全面，是非常不错的教辅资料。
高中生的物理、化学成绩维持在多少，才能考上重点大学？
根据历年录取数据，想上一所不错的985大学，理综至少不能低于240分！
物 理
一、研读课本
研读课本的目的是搞清课本中的“四点”(重点、难点、关键点和价值点)是什么。
比如“摩擦力”的“四点”：重点：滑动摩擦力(产生条件、大小计算、方向判定)。难点：摩擦力的产生条件、方向判定、静摩擦力的大小确定。关键点：分析物体受力、确定相对运动／趋势。价值点：加深对“运动／趋势相对性”的理解；加深对“具体问题具体分析”思想的认识；知道在实际生产生活中利用摩擦力、控制摩擦力的具体方法。
二、重视知识点之间的联系
一定要多一些交叉，把知识点相互联系起来，把学过的知识，织成一张网。利用知识点之间的关联，把这些关联的考点联系起来（还要搞明白区别），把基础打牢固，这是一个非常好的好方法。比如在学习天体运动人造卫星这一章节，一定要深入理解这部分内容，可以翻看波尔能级模型的相关概念。
三、训练物理解题方法
相对来说，物理的解题是有迹可循的。画草图——想情景——选对象——分析题目、限制条件、明确所求——列方程——检查。每一道题你都可以如此训练，当然对不同题目可以相应省略一些步骤。
四、重视物理笔记本和错题本
笔记本
1.记定义。教科书上的一些基本公式都有相应的解释比如两物体之间的万有引力公式：与两物体物质质量成正比即F∝Mm，与两物体之间距离的平方成反比距离是r即F∝1/r²，万有引力常数是G。。。。得出：F＝MmG/R²。
2. 用自己的语言记录重要概念、定律、原理。如楞次定律、偏转场等。
3.记录老师课堂讲解的综合性例题，要作详细的笔记并加以揣摩。这些题综合运用并考查了许多知识点，能起到一题覆盖一片的作用。
错题本
1.记录一些方法技巧。比如学习动量定理和动能定理后，若题目中触及到时分就用动量定理（ft=p/-p），触及到位移就用动能定理(fs=ek/-ek)。
2.记录有价值有典型意义的题目。选取不同的角度思考，从中提炼出一些思想方法，举一反三。
3.记录总结的一些简练易记实用的推论或论断。如：“沿着电场线的方向电势降低”；“同一根绳上张力相等”；“加速度为零时速度最大”；“洛仑兹力不做功”等等。
4.记录知识结构。大到整个物理的知识结构，小到力学、电学的知识结构，甚至具体到章，如电场的知识结构等等。
五、重视物理模型和物理过程
一定要弄清楚题目究竟是哪个模型的变型或哪些模型的组合，这有助于同学们归类题目，大致确定要使用哪些知识来解题。而做完一道题以后，如果能熟悉试题背后的物理模型，则可以为今后的解题积累经验。
在审题过程中，要养成画示意图的习惯。解物理题，能画图的尽量画图，图能帮助我们理解题意、分析过程以及探讨过程中各物理量的变化。
化 学
一、把元素周期表理解透彻
元素周期表是学习化学最为关键的地方。体现元素周期表最重要的实验和理论一定要弄懂。学好元素周期表能够解释许多问题。
例如：钠，钾，镁分别与水反应的快慢程度实验。第三周期体现非金属性强弱的含氧酸强弱顺序。
例如：为什么HF能腐蚀玻璃SiO2，而HCl，HBr，HI等不能？
因为F的非金属性强于O，所以Si-F键比Si-O键键能大，键长短，键更稳定。所以向着比SiO2更稳定的SiF4生成的反应方向进行。而O的非金属性强于Cl，Br，I所以盐酸，氢溴酸和氢碘酸都不能和SiO2反应。
二、掌握化学的基本概念，归纳总结题型和解题思路
掌握基本概念，如元素符号、化学式、化学方程式，以及元素、化合物的性质。做题时要善于归纳总结题型和解题思路。化学学科有很强的规律性，掌握了这些规律就能自如地驾驭知识。如化合价的一般规律：金属元素通常显正价，非金属元素通常显负价，单质元素的化合价为零，许多元素有变价，条件不同价态不同，等等。
三、将抽象的知识形象化、具体化
一些如核外电子排布及运动规律，电解质的电离、化学键及分子的空间构型等都非常抽象的知识中，我们不妨先将其形象化，模型化加以理解，再深入探讨其实质，只有理解了的东西，才有较深刻的记忆。在学习中，科学地把一些概念、理论形象化，可以帮助加深理解，提高记忆效果。
四、增强动手画的能力
我们需要掌握电子式、结构（简）式并应用于对各种反应进行分析，尝试寻找规律。这是一个非常重要的能力，尤其是对有机化学。我们需要掌握电子式、结构（简）式并应用于对各种反应进行分析，尝试寻找规律。这也是有机推断题的基本功。现在并不需要掌握机理，只要发现规律就行。
比如甲烷氯代反应：H3C—H+Cl—Cl=光=H3C—Cl+H—Cl，我们完全可以脑补一只手抓住了“H+Cl”，然后翻转180°，嘿，变成“Cl+H”了。我们把这个“游戏规则”叫做“取代反应”。
五、重视等效思想
等效思想在各个学科中都很重要，等效思想是找同分异构体的关键步骤。当然前几步是算不饱和度、选母体、找出杂原子或基团。然后并不是杂乱无章的排列组合。
这时把杂原子分为几类：一价基类（-Cl，-R，-OH等）、二价基类（-O-，-CH2-，-COO-等）、多价基类（氮原子）。对付一价基，就在母体上找等效氢，有几种取代等效氢的方法就有几种异构体。对付二价基，就在母体上找等效键，有几种插入方式就有几种异构体。注意像酯键这样的二价基有正插和反插。对付多价基，具体方法在例子中解释。多价基其实是专门拿来对付连着三个取代基氮原子的。
六、找共性进行类比
化学绝不是死记硬背的学科（第一道选择题除外），而是一门有规律可循的学科。比如“拟卤素”这种神奇的东西，就是化学性质与卤素极其类似，举例有(CN)2、H2O2、NO2（N2O4）等，比如他们的氧化性普遍较强，在水中可以歧化；因此可以推知(CN)2+H2O←=→HCN+HOCN这样的反应。
更典型的是元素周期律，同周期、同族的递变性值得总结，比如含氧酸的酸性、氧化性与还原性。比如NaOH与Al的反应，同样可以推广到与硼元素，2NaOH+2B+2H2O=△=3H2↑+2“NaBO2”，所谓的“偏硼酸钠”。与偏铝酸钠一样，实质上都是[M(OH)4]-的形式。
还有三对对角线规则Li~Mg，Be~Al，B~Si。所以可以推测出Li在空气中燃烧不生成过氧化物，Be与Si同样可以跟NaOH溶液反应生成氢气。除此之外，大家还可以将氧化性与电负性顺序的相同与不同做一下比较。
2021年中考英语试卷分析
听力略。
以下，按题型，逐个讲。
语法型完形填空
寓言故事、鸡汤文。
常规考点。如宾从3大考点、drive的熟词生义、定从、被动语态。
常规型完形填空
鸡汤文，词汇过关的话，满分没难度。
阅读理解
A篇讲了父母换了工作城市后，孩子跟着转学的小故事。
两个细节题，一个推断题，看懂文章后应该全对。
B篇说明文，由水的重要性，引出水污染的现状，呼吁保护水资源。
一道细节题，一道选择同义句、一道主旨题，没难度。
C篇文章长，略有难度。
讲了一本童书多年后再版时，原作者对书本内容的简介，也谈到了书籍对小孩子价值观和道德观的影响。
三道细节题一道推断题，估计失分会在推断题上。
七选五阅读
说明文，由学生缺乏睡眠做引子，讲了睡眠的作用和时间。
题不难。找到题眼即可满分，如purpose of sleep就是选项B的变种。
完成句子
满分不难。59题中注意过去分词的正确拼写。
短文填空
身残志坚类鸡汤文。
常规考点，考察较全面，如副修句、名词前面几种定语分类。
满分不容易。70空中end变endless容易失分。
任务型阅读
图片类的形式比较新颖，新冠热点内容。
难度跟考法跟去年持平，不再单纯考视力，需要考生具备总结归纳能力。
补全对话
日常问候语，提问时间、内容。4分不难。
作文
半开放半提纲记叙文。
注意一般将来时的正确使用。汉译英之后合理衔接句子即可，有能力进行句式升级最佳。
避免低级语法错误后，12+稳拿。
整体评价：
考点覆盖全面，难度适中，有区分度。
2021新高考1卷英语试题权威评析
2021年，高考英语全国卷强调关键能力考查，引导教学回归教材，稳步推进高考考试内容改革，充分发挥高考育人功能和积极导向作用。
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新高考I、II卷的短文续写题选取的是两个孩子在母亲节当天为母亲制作早餐的语篇，考查考生的英语综合运用能力。
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